Intersecting Black, Appalachian, & Ohio History: Southeast Ohio’s Underground Railroad
Presenter: Amanda Flowers, Ph.D.
During America’s legal institution of chattel slavery, everywhere enslavement existed there was resistance through escape and flight, as well as deliberate efforts to liberate the enslaved from bondage. While enslavement in Appalachia did not always fit the southern model, it existed in every Appalachian county south of the Ohio River. In turn, the enslaved began escaping to what would become the Ohio Country as late as the mid-1700s; however, only about half of the Ohio population was anti-slavery while the other half was pro-slavery. It was under these conditions that abolitionists formed secretive networks to help the escaped navigate through Ohio to freedom. Then, around 1814 or 1815, a formal Underground Railroad was conceived in southeast Ohio, through which some freedom seekers crossed the Ohio River in Lawrence and Galia counties, making way north to safety at places like Oak Hill, Jackson, or Berlin Crossroads (Jackson County) when headed towards Albany, Athens, Tablertown, or Amesville (Athens County). Those who had crossed in Meigs county, especially, continued their journey through places like Wilkesville and McArthur (Vinton County) before crossing into Athens County. Others crossed the Ohio and Muskingum Rivers or their connecting terrains in Washington County, taking an array of trails through Little Hocking, Belpre, Constitution, Harmar, Marietta, Newport, or New Matamoris, when in route to Cutler, Mayles Ridge, Bartlett, Barlow, Waterford, Rainbow, Stanleyville, or Lower Salem. Freedom seekers traveled further north to Morgan County, seeking safety at Chesterhill, Pennsville, Stockport, Malta, McConnelsville, Ringold, or Deavertown before heading to places like Paynes Crossing, Crooksville, or Rendville (Perry County). This presentation will showcase some of Southeast Ohio’s Underground Railroad sites, routes, agents, conductors, and brave freedom seekers who partook in the arduous journey.